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Saturday, April 19, 2025

2022: Austin County aging and government transfer dependency trends

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John Lettieri, President and CEO of Economic Innovation Group | Official Website

John Lettieri, President and CEO of Economic Innovation Group | Official Website

In 2022, Austin County received $401.4 million in government transfer payments, equivalent to $12,910 per capita.

These payments—which include Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and income maintenance—accounted for 21% of all personal income in the county, according to information from the Economic Innovation Group.

This marks a significant increase in the county’s reliance on government transfers compared to 2012, when such payments made up 15.2% of total income. Since then, the share has risen by 5.8%.

Government transfer payments are non-repayable funds provided by federal, state, or local governments to support individuals in need. These payments aim to stabilize economic conditions and provide financial support during hardships. Key programs include Social Security transfers (retirement benefits), Medicare transfers (healthcare for seniors), Medicaid transfers (healthcare for low-income individuals), and income maintenance transfers (financial assistance for basic needs).

In 2022, government transfers in Austin County primarily focused on older adults—such as Social Security transfers, which totaled $140.9 million (35.1% of all transfer income), and Medicare, which accounted for $115.4 million (28.7%)—played a significant role in the county's overall income.

On a per capita basis, Social Security payments rose from $3,432 in 2012 and $1,211 in 1970 to $4,531 in 2022, reflecting a 32% increase over the past decade and a 274.2% shift since 1970.

Similarly, Medicare transfers climbed from $2,290 in 2012 and $210 in 1970 to $3,711, marking 62.1% and 1,667.1% increases, respectively.

These increases in per capita payments align with shifts in the county’s age distribution. In 2022, residents aged 65 and older made up 21.2% of the total population, compared to 16.7% in 2012 and 19.6% in 1970. While the senior share of the population has increased, the rise in per capita Social Security and Medicare transfers suggests that these assistance programs for older adults now require a larger share of government funding—either due to growing needs, expanded eligibility, higher benefit levels, or increased enrollment.

According to the Economic Innovation Group, total income in Austin County excluding public assistance amounted to $48,721 per capita in 2022, compared to $61,630 when government transfers were included.

Breaking down the other contributions in the county, Medicaid transfers made up $75.9 million, a 18.9% share of total income, while income maintenance programs, including assistance such as SNAP or TANF, added another $34.2 million, or 8.5% of the total.

Compared to the previous year, Austin County's reliance on government transfers decreased by 2.9%.

Government transfers have long been a modest financial safety net, historically comprising only a small fraction of Americans' income. However, since the 1970s—sometimes dubbed the “Great Transfer-mation”—dependency has surged from 8.2% (or $2,016 per capita in inflation-adjusted 2022 dollars) in 1970 to 17.6% (or $11,529 per capita) in 2022 nationwide.

According to the Economic Innovation Group’s analysis, these trends are not merely short-term responses to economic pressures but rather reflect a profound, long-term transformation in how government support is integrated into American life. The study illustrates that structural shifts—from rising healthcare expenses and demographic changes to stagnant wages—have significantly increased dependency on government transfers.

Breakdown of Government Transfers by Program in Austin County, 2022
Social Security Transfers [35.1%]Medicare Transfers [28.7%]Medicaid Transfers [18.9%]Income Maintenance Transfers [8.5%]

2022 Texas County Rankings by Per Capita Government Transfers

CountyState Rank (Per Capita Transfers)Dependency on Transfers (%)% Population 65+Social Security Transfers (%)Medicare Transfers (%)Medicaid Transfers (%)Income Maintenance Transfers (%)Per Capita Transfers ($)
Real County141.88%30.26%34.7%25.7%21.4%7.3%$24,238
Foard County233.62%25.59%20.3%27.3%41.1%5.7%$23,230
Duval County349.19%17.69%17%23.3%41.7%11.6%$23,192
San Augustine County440.27%26.3%25.5%22.1%37.6%8.1%$23,013
Edwards County533.37%29.76%30.7%22.9%27.9%8.7%$22,082
Stonewall County624.37%28.33%25.7%29%36.6%5.9%$21,642
Sabine County746.46%30.8%33.1%27.4%23.5%6.7%$21,486
Brooks County850.24%16.92%15.7%22.9%41.6%14.1%$21,466
Red River County939.66%25.62%25.3%25.5%33.8%7.7%$21,199
Coleman County1036.29%25.76%28%24.7%30.9%7.3%$20,776
Knox County1139.61%19.95%22.5%24.4%39.6%7.8%$20,566
Marion County1241.24%27.42%28.2%30.5%24.2%8.5%$20,468
Crosby County1344.79%18.75%21.4%21.5%40.9%10.8%$20,102
Hardeman County1434.35%22.55%25.3%26.9%32.3%7.9%$19,490
Polk County1541.33%18.76%37.6%27.5%16.4%7.7%$19,486
Dimmit County1636%16.6%17%23.3%38.9%14%$19,412
Morris County1739.31%22%29.5%25.5%26%10%$19,368
Dickens County1840.17%28.34%27.8%23.5%34.8%7.2%$19,244
Menard County1941.44%32.19%29.2%30.1%26.8%7.4%$19,071
Mills County2036.72%28.37%30%22.9%31.9%6%$18,979
Cottle County2121.28%25.28%26.9%26.2%34.4%8.5%$18,591
Hall County2247.43%24.34%25.2%27.2%31.9%9.1%$18,580
McCulloch County2338.69%24.54%26.3%24.7%33.6%8.7%$18,539
Refugio County2433.89%22.18%26.4%30.5%25.9%8.3%$18,428
Eastland County2532.74%21.98%26.2%25.8%29.2%7.7%$18,301
Cass County2638.71%22.38%28.6%23.5%28.4%9.2%$18,298
Jim Wells County2737.77%16%20.7%22.7%36.1%12.4%$18,166
Jasper County2834.89%21.13%28.9%25.1%28.6%9.6%$17,916
Zavala County2940.99%14.86%15.8%19.3%38.7%18.8%$17,850
Collingsworth County3038.39%18.99%22.3%30.2%34%8.4%$17,845
Coke County3134.73%27.18%31.2%25.7%29.2%5.7%$17,769
Limestone County3237.69%21%24.1%22.1%37.4%8.9%$17,714
Leon County3331.11%24.51%36.6%30.2%15%7.7%$17,670
Wood County3435.95%27.53%36.1%30%17%6.2%$17,580
Llano County3527.42%36.77%38.4%36.1%11.4%4.9%$17,562
Baylor County3628.77%23.89%28.4%28.9%28%8%$17,548
Houston County3734.83%22.33%26.3%24.7%30.7%9.1%$17,529
Trinity County3837.74%26.86%35.1%28.5%15.7%10.3%$17,506
Terrell County3929%33.87%28.5%25.4%20.1%6.4%$17,452
Wheeler County4036.69%21.16%23.8%28.5%34%6.8%$17,312
Lavaca County4126.34%23.71%28.3%32.7%25.6%6.1%$17,273
Hamilton County4226.91%25.66%30.7%27.4%26.5%6.6%$17,250
Kent County4326.61%25.81%26.4%28.4%36.5%5.9%$16,953
Runnels County4432.53%21%27.3%24.6%30.2%8.4%$16,882
Floyd County4537.38%19.11%23%21.6%35.4%11.6%$16,832
Throckmorton County4635.98%25.93%26.6%31.4%30.5%6.3%$16,799
Uvalde County4731.71%16.58%20.9%18.9%33.8%13.8%$16,732
Aransas County4826%28.19%36.4%25%19.3%7.7%$16,664
Jim Hogg County4941%17.95%19.1%25.1%31.3%15.5%$16,631
Kimble County5030.52%30.41%33.3%26.3%20.9%7.8%$16,603
Colorado County5126.93%23.11%31.4%28.9%24.1%7.5%$16,588
Lampasas County5227.67%20.65%27.8%22.4%15.2%6.7%$16,545
Sutton County5323.97%20.79%26.9%26.8%31.4%7.4%$16,540
Fayette County5423.53%26.98%34.9%28.9%23.4%5.4%$16,525
Culberson County5519.91%20.53%20.5%30.3%27.5%11.4%$16,334
Haskell County5632.29%22.43%25.8%25.1%32.9%8.7%$16,323
Montague County5735.25%21.85%30%29.3%24.2%6.8%$16,299
Tyler County5837.85%22.45%30.4%28.9%22.7%9.2%$16,256
Willacy County5946.52%14.78%15.6%20.1%40.6%15%$16,249
DeWitt County6022.85%20.17%25.9%21.8%34.7%9.7%$16,247
Brown County6134.64%20.95%27.5%23.1%30.8%8.3%$16,224
Nolan County6231.23%18.87%24.2%22.9%33.4%10.1%$16,205
Shelby County6324.72%18%24%22.1%34.4%11.7%$16,180
Wilbarger County6428.8%19%24%26.8%30.1%10%$16,145
Young County6525.37%20.63%29.1%27.6%27.7%7.9%$15,993
Fisher County6629.51%24.63%29.6%24.7%30.5%7.4%$15,908
Washington County6721.65%22.92%31.3%24.8%26.2%7.5%$15,871
Donley County6833.7%25.33%29.9%28.5%21.7%7.4%$15,791
Schleicher County6928.31%21.87%29.8%28.9%24.9%8%$15,767
Milam County7033.73%21.54%28.8%26.3%26.3%9.2%$15,704
Bandera County7126.26%29.36%40.7%28.2%8.6%6.3%$15,566
Gillespie County7218.39%30.57%41%27%17.9%4.5%$15,541
Motley County7338.14%29.59%36.6%33.7%12%8.7%$15,529
Delta County7433.4%21%27.7%26.9%25.9%9.9%$15,509
Newton County7535.53%23.57%25.4%25.5%28.9%11.2%$15,502
San Saba County7636.6%22.7%30.1%22%30%8.9%$15,494
Lamar County7729.92%19%27.1%25.6%27.7%9.9%$15,474
Armstrong County7826.39%23.42%28.8%20.7%33.2%5.3%$15,451
Concho County7941.48%20.73%25.8%31.2%31%5.9%$15,449
Henderson County8031.33%22.53%32.1%28.6%20.1%9.3%$15,406
Bosque County8129.32%25.36%34.9%25.5%21.2%7.3%$15,382
Falls County8236.23%19.31%22.9%20.3%37.1%10.7%$15,289
Comanche County8328.67%23.38%30.4%23.2%27.9%8.5%$15,215
Robertson County8428.17%20.86%27.8%23.4%29%11.1%$15,167
Mason County8527.58%31%39.1%28.3%17.7%6.5%$15,153
Panola County8626.28%20.48%31.1%24.3%24.3%9.5%$14,974
Cochran County8737.31%15.23%22.1%20.8%38.5%12.5%$14,941
Goliad County8826%25.28%32.1%25.2%25.2%8.1%$14,908
Stephens County8931.7%20.51%28.3%24.2%29.5%9.4%$14,854
Presidio County9025.77%23.23%24.4%22.3%24.3%19.6%$14,801
Kerr County9123%28.77%40.6%29.4%10.7%6.6%$14,793
Camp County9229.39%18.87%29.2%25.9%21.8%11.8%$14,751
Gregg County9326.3%15.96%26.6%26.6%26.2%10.9%$14,720
Jeff Davis County9424.53%42.92%46.5%27.6%8.9%5.7%$14,591
Angelina County9530.84%16.84%26.4%24%27.8%11.3%$14,580
Hill County9629.21%20.46%30.9%24.7%23.4%9.3%$14,562
Karnes County9717.94%14.37%22.1%27.4%35%9.6%$14,561
Kinney County9835.53%26.6%33.3%26.3%13.6%9.6%$14,498
Hockley County9930%15.64%25%21.2%30.9%10.4%$14,461
Wharton County10028%18.24%26.5%29.1%24.4%11.2%$14,428
Cherokee County10133.21%18%26.8%25.4%29%11%$14,412
Terry County10233.31%15.42%21%20.6%40.1%12.5%$14,371
Callahan County10328.28%21.6%31.7%26.8%20.2%8.3%$14,370
Shackelford County10413.59%20.95%31.2%24.3%27.2%7.8%$14,344
Gonzales County10521.49%17.82%26.3%24.3%29.5%12%$14,339
Calhoun County10621.42%19.74%30.3%24.7%25.4%10%$14,251
Crockett County10722.89%19.12%31.6%21.9%30.1%9.9%$14,215
McMullen County10811.93%25.13%38.1%37.6%8.3%10.8%$14,149
Dawson County10929.16%14.18%22.9%22.6%38%11.3%$14,130
Palo Pinto County11027.21%20.25%30%27.5%22.2%9.5%$14,078
Burleson County11125.17%21.31%33.2%29.7%17.8%9.4%$14,043
Hood County11222%25.46%41%30.1%10.2%6.1%$14,038
Matagorda County11327.8%18.16%28.3%28.3%24.4%9.6%$14,000
Lamb County11425.19%17.19%24%21%34.9%12%$13,956
Fannin County11529.57%17.82%28.9%27.6%23.3%7.6%$13,936
Bowie County11627.74%17.41%26.5%23.6%25.5%12%$13,894
Wichita County11727.15%15.29%26.2%26.8%22.2%10.1%$13,840
Orange County11827.56%16%29.6%24.4%27%10.1%$13,825
Rains County11933.59%25.19%36.7%28.9%13.8%7.9%$13,805
Briscoe County12025.18%23.84%35.4%34.8%15.4%7.5%$13,797
Victoria County12123.12%17.14%28.2%25.9%24.3%10.9%$13,649
Upton County12218.97%16.31%26.4%38%22.2%9.3%$13,609
Starr County12342.92%11.18%12.1%22.8%34.3%22.7%$13,581
Jackson County12427.92%20%29.5%24.9%28.1%9.6%$13,581
San Patricio County12526.6%15.33%26.6%22.9%25.9%12.3%$13,530
Maverick County12635.11%11.77%15.8%21.2%33.9%19.5%$13,524
Jefferson County12728%15.53%25.2%22%31.7%12.4%$13,490
Kleberg County12829.58%13.76%21%20.4%30%13.7%$13,411
Navarro County12929.47%16.42%27.1%23.7%26.6%12%$13,300
Freestone County13029.37%20.67%32.7%25.3%22.7%9.1%$13,217
Grayson County13124.75%17.97%30.6%28.5%19.7%8.5%$13,213
Hardin County13224.16%17.51%32.2%27.2%23.2%8.4%$13,201
Franklin County13322.85%22.65%34.2%27.5%19.9%9%$13,162
Hutchinson County13427.66%18%31.5%29.1%20.9%8.9%$13,151
Upshur County13528.93%18.68%31.6%24.9%22.5%10.4%$13,099
Lynn County13625.74%16.28%25.3%28.8%27.5%11.4%$13,096
Blanco County13717.48%26.97%41.8%29.7%11.8%4.8%$13,036
Nueces County13823.28%16%24.2%21.4%28.7%13%$12,974
San Jacinto County13929%22.66%35.4%25.9%17.8%12%$12,969
Clay County14024.7%23.99%37.9%27.4%17%7.2%$12,924
Austin County14120.95%21.22%35.1%28.7%18.9%8.5%$12,910
Madison County14231.4%15.59%26.7%24.2%31%11.3%$12,902
Potter County14322.9%14.33%23%19.6%32.8%12.9%$12,895
Hopkins County14424%18.58%31.2%26.7%23.5%9.7%$12,882
Val Verde County14526.86%13.57%19.2%19.3%27.7%16.2%$12,866
Zapata County14638.66%13.35%16.2%19.8%30%23.4%$12,789
Taylor County14722.97%14.91%25%24.1%24.7%10%$12,766
Frio County14834%12.27%18.7%20.8%36.7%15.1%$12,760
Van Zandt County14927.78%20.31%31.8%26.8%22.2%8.5%$12,703
Nacogdoches County15025.99%15.85%27.1%22.6%26.9%11.9%$12,687
Cameron County15133.97%14.22%17.6%18.9%31.9%19.8%$12,681
Lee County15222.11%20.15%33.3%26.9%23%8.7%$12,679
Swisher County15317.72%17%29%23.7%23.3%13.6%$12,647
Tom Green County15420%16.98%27.6%23.5%25%9.5%$12,629
Gray County15527%16.61%30.3%25.9%24.3%11.4%$12,623
Hale County15630.24%14.18%23.5%20.5%33%13.7%$12,617
Jones County15731.57%15.32%25%20.6%36.8%7.9%$12,611
Hudspeth County15835.45%10.25%28.6%20.6%14%17.4%$12,521
Titus County15923.84%15%26.8%21.7%28.7%13%$12,375
Kendall County16011.57%20.21%40.7%25.6%8.3%4.1%$12,326
Scurry County16125.31%15.89%27.9%25.7%28.2%9.8%$12,277
Anderson County16227.93%15.54%27.9%25.9%24.9%10.1%$12,253
Atascosa County16326.75%14.98%24.9%24.7%23.6%13.9%$12,249
Somervell County16420.9%19.8%35.2%26.5%20.8%6.9%$12,200
Rusk County16526.63%17.42%31.3%22%26.4%10.9%$12,171
Howard County16621.52%13.77%23.2%22.1%29.6%10.9%$12,165
Burnet County16718.8%23.64%42.9%26.1%13.7%7.1%$12,137
Childress County16827.41%16.5%26.5%22.3%31.8%9.9%$12,088
Medina County16924.16%17.53%28%21.8%23.6%9.8%$12,088
Castro County17013.96%17.11%23.8%23.2%34.4%12.2%$12,086
Martin County17112.15%11.74%21.7%25.3%32.4%13.3%$12,015
Bee County17234.37%12.72%22.7%24.1%29.5%13.1%$11,930
Harrison County17324.61%17.58%31.2%21.9%23.8%12%$11,930
Bailey County17422.68%15.29%23.1%22.5%33.1%12.3%$11,909
Deaf Smith County17518%12.92%20.6%20.5%39.6%13.8%$11,898
Jack County17625.67%17%31.9%29.3%21.3%8.9%$11,869
La Salle County17723.19%15.13%22.6%22.4%31.6%15.8%$11,868
Smith County17817.71%17.36%32.6%25.6%19.5%10.5%$11,830
Cooke County17919.32%19.2%33.3%26.3%19.1%9.3%$11,798
Bell County18023.51%11.85%22.9%17.5%11.5%12.5%$11,619
Grimes County18127.51%18.8%34.8%27.9%17.2%11%$11,611
Mitchell County18231.31%14.54%25.5%19.9%37.7%9.7%$11,604
Live Oak County18325%20.54%30.8%21%29.1%10.7%$11,601
Brewster County18419.9%24.38%36.6%22.5%14.2%7.7%$11,574
Reeves County18518.68%13.22%22.4%20.6%37.1%13.3%$11,493
Comal County18615.25%18.59%37.4%25.6%8.2%5.4%$11,449
Winkler County18716.89%12.52%25%20.1%35%12.3%$11,397
Wilson County18819.98%16.93%30.7%21%18.5%7.7%$11,319
Pecos County18925.13%13.51%23.5%20.1%36.2%12.1%$11,245
McLennan County19022.25%15.27%29%22.8%22.1%12.1%$11,186
Archer County19117.85%21.26%39.5%28.4%12.8%7.3%$11,083
Ward County19218.75%13.77%28.6%22.3%28.6%12.7%$11,041
El Paso County19324.97%13.11%20.8%19%23%17.2%$11,035
Sterling County19416.43%14.24%26.5%30.9%29.4%7.2%$10,971
Galveston County19517.82%15.74%32.2%29.5%17.3%9.9%$10,915
Hunt County19622.74%15.56%31.4%26.3%19.6%11.2%$10,900
Lipscomb County1979.32%20.38%35.8%29%16.7%8.8%$10,869
Reagan County19816.62%12.37%25.8%27.6%27.7%11.7%$10,847
Caldwell County19926.7%15.64%27.2%28%21.9%12.9%$10,787
Dallam County20015.42%10.95%20.2%30.4%28.5%9.8%$10,786
Liberty County20125.35%11.59%26.5%24.8%23.2%15.9%$10,752
Irion County20213.36%21.45%41.2%27.6%13.2%6.9%$10,732
Carson County20322.43%20.72%38.3%28.4%14%7.3%$10,716
Erath County20421%14.86%28.3%21.1%25.4%8.5%$10,636
Yoakum County20521.39%12.56%30.6%20.1%29.2%12.6%$10,573
Hidalgo County20631.52%11.63%16%18.6%28.7%24.4%$10,568
Lubbock County20720%13.32%27.6%22.8%24.7%12.1%$10,503
Hansford County20813.41%15.12%31.1%31.6%22.2%8.8%$10,484
Johnson County20919.64%14%31.3%28%16.3%9.9%$10,375
Webb County21025.37%10.29%17.6%17.8%28.2%24.9%$10,370
Guadalupe County21119.25%14.89%29.3%19.5%10.4%8.8%$10,352
Hemphill County21213.96%18.57%37.7%29.3%15.6%8.5%$10,339
Coryell County21328.14%11.43%23%19.4%12.9%12%$10,271
Garza County21431.22%14.34%23.4%24.3%35.8%9.7%$10,248
Bexar County21519.47%12.85%25.8%20.8%19.3%13.7%$10,239
Wise County21617.81%15.62%35%30.3%12.1%8.7%$9,870
Crane County21718.49%12.74%29.2%28.6%21.9%12.6%$9,842
Oldham County21812.8%16.58%45.4%15%12.4%8.8%$9,811
Loving County2196.73%0%48.7%16.3%0.6%12%$9,510
Parmer County22013.85%15.13%27.6%25%27.2%12.2%$9,418
Ector County22116.75%10%24.9%22%27.1%15.8%$9,286
Roberts County22216.94%22.91%47.3%26.8%10.6%7.7%$9,151
Brazoria County22315.77%12.82%32.3%28.4%15.5%11%$9,088
Bastrop County22420.31%15.48%32.9%28.3%12.6%12.6%$9,058
Parker County22512.92%15.92%38.2%29.1%9%7.6%$9,033
Ellis County22616.16%13%32.8%27%13.2%11%$8,967
Walker County22726.62%13.9%29.4%27.9%17%10.7%$8,951
Harris County22812.78%11.76%26.3%24.4%20.6%16.3%$8,838
Ochiltree County22914.57%13%30.7%26.1%22.6%12.7%$8,782
Dallas County23011.55%11.81%27.3%25.1%20.2%16.4%$8,730
Waller County23116.68%11.69%29.8%23.6%18%13.1%$8,617
Andrews County23215.68%10.25%28.8%22.2%28.5%12.8%$8,518
Moore County23314.57%11.8%26.7%20.4%31.1%13.9%$8,477
Tarrant County23413.6%12.3%30.9%25.6%15.3%14%$8,429
Montgomery County23510.99%13.75%36.8%30.9%9%10.5%$8,360
Chambers County23613.37%11.88%35.7%31.9%11.2%10.6%$8,250
Borden County2377.1%25.17%47.6%28.7%1.5%11.6%$8,232
Randall County23814.21%15.73%39.4%28.9%7.7%9.3%$8,228
Kaufman County23915.28%10.67%31.7%24.2%13.3%14.6%$8,046
Midland County2405.31%10.75%29.6%21.2%22.1%16.7%$7,710
Sherman County2417.21%15.37%32.2%23.7%23.5%11.6%$7,464
Rockwall County2429.83%12.62%39.2%29.8%6.4%7.9%$7,455
Kenedy County24318.96%22.32%30.8%38.9%7.6%16.1%$7,249
Hays County24411.97%12.1%35.7%27%8.8%9.7%$7,196
Gaines County24515%9.13%22.9%19.6%31.7%17.9%$7,044
Williamson County24610.3%12.93%39.2%28%6.8%8.1%$6,913
Brazos County24714.41%10.2%31%23.2%15%14.3%$6,854
Fort Bend County2489.61%12.54%35.7%26.7%8.1%12.5%$6,767
Glasscock County2495.4%15%46.8%29.1%7.7%10.4%$6,641
Travis County2507.61%11%33.5%24%16.1%11.3%$6,542
Denton County2518.65%11.54%36.8%27.9%9.1%9.4%$6,440
Collin County2527.14%11.6%40.4%28.9%5%9.2%$5,900
King County2534.59%23%49.4%14.2%8.5%16.4%$5,206
Hartley County2544.21%16.53%59%14.4%3.2%12.8%$3,748

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